The summer and autumn of 2024 have been a period of intensive implementation for the action plan developed based on biodiversity research conducted by a researcher from the international company SLR in 2021. This action plan, meticulously drafted by globally recognized experts, has been actively pursued by the Bakhvi HPP team from the very first days of construction.
In July 2024, a biodiversity survey was carried out within the project areas of Bakhvi HPP (Bakhvi 1 and Bakhvi 2) in accordance with the environmental monitoring plan. The survey was conducted by Niko Kerdikoshvili, MSc in Ecology and Scientific Program Manager at Tbilisi Zoo. The primary goal was to assess both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of biodiversity components—habitats, resident and/or transient wildlife, reptiles, and amphibians—during the construction phase.
Research Findings: Bakhvi 1 HPP
Mammals: The project area hosts several mammal species, including the Brown Bear (listed in the Red Book), Forest Marten, and occasionally, the Eurasian Otter, Chamois, and Roe Deer. During monitoring, the Brown Bear was recorded at four distinct locations, with one individual sighted directly. Conclusion: Despite active construction activities, animals frequently traverse the area, indicating minimal impact from the project on their natural movements.
Birds: The study area is predominantly occupied by species of the order Passeriformes.Recommendation: Annual monitoring to track species diversity and population.Mitigation Measure: Installation of artificial nests.
Conclusion: The list of species observed aligns with those documented in the project's Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and supplementary studies, confirming that construction activities have had a negligible effect on biodiversity.
Bakhvi 2 HPP
Mammals: The survey identified the presence of Brown Bear, Marten, and Fox along access roads, with Roe Deer and Eurasian Otter near the riverbed.
The study indicates that Brown Bears frequently venture into nearby villages, drawn by hazelnut plantations adjoining the forests. Jackals, Foxes, and Wolves are also observed at night, both near the village and close to the Bakhvi 2 residential camps and stationary equipment.Conclusion: Both the Brown Bear and Eurasian Otter are Red Book species, underscoring the stability of mammalian populations in the area despite ongoing construction.
Birds:
Species recorded include the Blackbird, Robin, and Woodpecker, among others. Research on river-associated birds revealed successful nesting in 2024, with many fledglings discovered, suggesting construction activities have not adversely impacted avian populations.
Amphibians and Reptiles: The habitats surveyed did not exhibit significant species diversity or density, although two reptile and five amphibian species were identified, including the Caucasian Salamander and Caucasian Toad, both listed in the Red Book. The Caucasian Salamander was observed in two locations.
Conclusion: Similar to Bakhvi 1, the biodiversity status of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians remains stable in the Bakhvi 2 survey area.
Recommendation: Creation of artificial ponds to support the breeding of the Caucasian Salamander and Caucasian Toad, a measure that has already been implemented by the company.
Ichthyological Survey - Bakhvi 1 and 2
On August 30-31, 2024, George Zaalishvili, MSc in Biology (specializing in Hydrobiology-Ichthyology), conducted an ichthyological survey within the project areas of Bakhvi 1 and Bakhvi 2 HPPs under the environmental monitoring plan. The objective was to assess the state of biodiversity in the Bakhvistkali River during ongoing construction activities.
Findings: The only fish species recorded in the project area was the Brown Trout. Although the population is limited, successful sampling was achieved at various locations within the study area, including near construction zones.
Conclusion: 1. No significant negative impact on the aquatic biological environment was observed despite active construction. 2. The river’s hydrochemical and physical parameters met the general living conditions for the Brown Trout. 3. No barriers to fish movement were detected within the project area.
ბახვი 1 და ბახვი 2 ჰესების საპროექტო არეალში გავრცელებულია მხოლოდ ერთი სახეობის თევზი – ნაკადულის კალმახიRecommendation: Exercise maximum caution during construction activities near natural water bodies, especially during the spawning season (September to February, with a peak in October-November). The company has been conducting awareness training for its personnel and will continue to do so post-research.
ESG activities conducted by the Company:
Caucasian Salamander Ponds: In June, specific coordinates were marked to identify salamander habitats, resulting in a comprehensive map showing 10 habitats within the Bakhvi 1 HPP project area. These special ponds will facilitate overwintering, thereby ensuring zero loss of species. Ongoing monitoring is conducted by our environmental managers.
Mitigation Measures for Alpine Longhorn Beetle
- In August, an Alpine Longhorn Beetle shelter and feeding area were constructed from cut logs within the Bakhvi 2 HPP project area. This measure ensures the species can continue to thrive without any adverse impact from the project.
- Artificial Nesting for Birds: In line with mitigation strategies prescribed by SLR, bird nesting boxes made from repurposed materials were installed on trees between the power block and intake structure sites of Bakhvi 2a and 2b. This measure aims to minimize or eliminate habitat impact for various species.
- This environmental program underscores our commitment to sustainable development while safeguarding biodiversity in the project areas. The company remains dedicated to implementing international best practices and mitigating any potential environmental impacts throughout the project's lifecycle.